de Dutton, ThomasI Lord (b. 1225, d. ?)

Note: High Sheriff of Cheshire, 1268

Note: Notes
Per Weis' "Ancestral Roots . . ." (121E:19):
"WILLIAM I, "Longsword", b. ca. 891, prob. Rouen, ca. 927 succ. to Duchy of Normandy, ca. 930 the Bretons rebelled, he subdued them, taking Brittany, the Channel Islands, the Contentin, and the Averanchin; killed in treacherous ambush 17 Dec. 942 by servants of THEOBALD OF BLOIS (RIN 1645) and ARNULF OF FLANDERS (RIN 2173) 17 dec 942. ... He m. (1) (Danish wife) SPROTA, a Breton; m. (2) LUITGARDE DE VERMANDOIS ..., n.i., killed 942 by LOUIS, s. of CHARLES III "the Simple:, dau. HERBERT II, Count of Vermandois and Troyes. "
Also mentioned (49:19).
Stuart's "Royalty For Commoners" (166:34).

It is interesting to note that THEOBALD later married William's widow, LUITGARDE and that ARNULF married LUITGARDE's sister, ALIX.

Per Rosamond McKitterick's, "The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987", London & NY (Longman) 1983, p 238:
"William Longsword, ROLLO's son and successor, was the principal architect of Normandy's development. He married the daughter of HERBERT OF VERMANDOIS but his children were born of a Breton concubine. William had supported LOUIS IV (RIN 1617) and attempted to establish his protection over Brittany, gaining at least the Cotentin and
Avranchin in 933. There remains some doubt about William's claim to the whole Breton peninsula. When in 942 William was murdered at the instigation of COUNT ARNULF OF FLANDERS, his son Richard, still a minor, succeeded him."

[source unrecorded]: ROLLO died in 927, and was succeeded by his son William "Long Sword" born of his union 'more danico' with POPPA, daughter of COUNT BERENGER; he showed some attachment to the Scandinavian language, for he sent his son William to Bayeux to learn Norse. The first two dukes also displayed a certain fidelity to the Carolingian dynasty of France, and in 936 William "Long-Sword" did homage to LOUIS IV d'Outremer. He died on 17th of December 942, assassinated by the COUNT OF FLANDERS.

Note: Notes
Weis' "Ancestral Roots. . ." (246D:25).
Appendix J in vol. x of "Complete Peerage" even more conservatively indicates that there is no proof that this Aubrey of the Conquest is father of the great chamberlain. There may have been one or more intervening Aubreys.

Note: Notes
Per Weis' "Ancestral Roots. . ." (243A:15), he was known as "the
magnificent" and "the hunting king". He was king of Vermland, Vestfold, & Vingulmark. He was murdered at the instigation of his second wife, ASA, in revenge for forcibly abducting her and killing her father and brother. Gudrod's 1st wife was Alfhilde, dau of Alfrin, the ruler of Vingulmark.
Regarding Gudrod's parentage, Moriarity calls him the son of Halfdan "white leg" and Asa wheras Sturleson says he was whiteleg's great grandson.
Stuart's "Royalty For Commoners" (166:40) shows him as son of a different Halfdan (RIN 4784*), citing Moncreiffe (chart 35, p.109), of whom he says: "Though the work carries no bibliography, Moncrieff was an outstanding authority, and pending proof otherwise, may well be considered correct. Moncrieffe is in agreement with Sturluson." Most
sources omit this generation.

Stuart's "Royalty For Commoners" (166:42) says of his great uncle of the same name: "The magnificent"; King of Vestfold & Roumarike; ruled in Norway & Denmark; probably the "Godfrey the Proud" (and so identified by Montcrieffe) of the Franks who opposed the EMPORER CHARLEMAGNE.

Todd A. Farmerie posted to
soc.genealogy.medieval on 22 Jul 1998 (in part)
Subject: Re: Ancestors of Harald Haragre to Olav Tretelgja
". . . That being said, I will comment on the missing generations. The source for this is a fragment of "Ynglingatal" repeated in Snorri's _Heimskringla_. Snorri wrote his work about 400 years after the events it is describing. It tells of Olaf Tree-Cutter founding Norway, and passing it to his son Halfdan Whiteleg. Halfdan had sons Eystein and Gudrod. Eystein had a son Halfdan. He was followed by Gudrod, son of Halfdan, and he was father of Olaf, father of Ragnevald, for whom the original poem was composed. . The classical reconstruction is that this is a straight shot (Olaf- Halfdan- Eystein- Halfdan- Gudrod- Olaf- Ragnevald). However, it has been suggested that Gudrod, son of Halfdan Whiteleg sticks out like a sore thumb. He neither succeeded, nor is there any reason for him being mentioned at all (no other "other sons" are mentioned). Maybe, the speculation runs, he is the Gudrod Halfdanson who later became king - that Halfdan Eysteinson was followed not by his son, but by his uncle."

Note: Notes
Stuart's "Royalty For Commoners" (369:43). Danish king; invaded England; said to have avenged his father by making "blood eagle" of his foe.

In 873, the year he died, Alfred the Great was King of England.

Note: Notes
Stuart's "Royalty For Commoners" (240:40), refers to a "Ragnar
Sigurdsson of Uppsala, Sweden" - not identifying him with the greater - than - life Ragnar Lodbrok. Of him Stuart says, "Danish king at Lethra said to have perished in a Northumbrian snake pit; b.c750; d.845 [95 years old and still on the battlefield ?!] Stuart takes this line back another 21 generations to Odin & Frigg, but I am too skeptical to include them in this genealogy.
This is the individual most often put forth as the famous Ragnar Lodbrok.

Stewart Baldwin posted to
soc.genealogy.medieval on 13 Dec 1996 :
Subject: Ragnar Lothbrok
"Was RAGNAR LOTHBROK historical? One of the things that makes this a difficult question to discuss is that
the question "Was Ragnar Lothbrok historical?" is itself
somewhat ambiguous. Thus, before the question can be discussed, the question has to first be more clearly defined. To mention two opposite extremes, a skeptic could ask whether or not everything which is said about the character of Ragnar Lothbrok is historically accurate, observe that the answer is certainly "no", and then claim victory. At the other extreme, a proponent of a historical Ragnar Lothbrok could ask if a Viking by the name of Ragnar ever existed, point out that a Viking having the correct name ("Reginheri") appears in the Frankish annals, and claim that Ragnar Lothbrok was therefore historical. Neither of these two extremes is acceptable in a serious argument on the subject, so I will discuss the subject from the following middle ground. The criteria which I will use are that in order for Ragnar Lothbrok to be considered as historical, there should be a historically documented person of that name who actually performed a significant number of the deeds attributed to the legendary Ragnar Lothbrok. I think these are reasonable criteria, and the remainder of this discussion is based on these principles. Now, to answer the question: No, Ragnar Lothbrok does not appear to be a
historical figure, based on the above criteria. I will give some
comments as to why I have this opinion, and then mention some reading material for those who want more.
RAGNAR
The contemporary historical records of the ninth century (when Ragnar Lothbrok supposedly lived) show only one Viking of the correct name, a Viking named "Reginheri" (a Latin form equivalent to the name Ragnar) in France WHO DIED IN THE YEAR 845, according to the contemporary Frankish annals. The emphasized words in the previous sentence are often conveninetly overlooked by those who wish to use Reginheri as a historical prototype for Ragnar Lothbrok. Since Reginheri died in France in the year 845, he cannot have participated in the later events which form the principal part of the legendary Ragnar Lothbrok's exploits. In addition, there is no good evidence that Reginheri was the father of any of the individuals who later came to be regarded as sons of Ragnar Lothbrok. Thus, Reginheri fails to satisfy the criterion mentioned above. No other historical Norseman named Ragnar is known for the appropriate time period.
LOTHBROK
No contemporary record gives this name, and it is significant that when the name finally does make it appearance in the records 200 years later, it stands alone. (Ari, writing in the twelfth century, was the first known writer to make Ragnar and Lothbrok the same person.) The name first appears (as "Lothbroc") in "Gesta Normannorum Ducum", by William
of Jumieges, writing about 1070, in which Lothbroc is called
he father of Bjorn Ironside. (A Viking named Bjorn is verified by the contemporary chronicles, but without the nickname.) Adam of Bremen, writing soon afterward, called Ivar the son of "Lodparchus". Besides the fact that this Lothbrok is not attested in any of the contemporary sources, there seems to be another problem, and that is that the name ("Lothbroka") appears to be a women's name. See the article on Ragnars saga" by Rory McTurk in "Medieval Scandinavia: an
encyclopedia" (New York and London, 1993). If this argument based on philology is correct, then this Lothbrok(a), if historical at all, would be a woman, and clearly not identical with the legendary Ragnar Lothbrok. (I do not have the background in linguistics to comment further on this gender argument.)
RAGNALL
The "Fragmentary Annals of Ireland" (edited and translated by Joan N. Radner, Dublin, 1978, formerly called "Three Fragments") has an item of interest which has frequently been pointed out as possibly relating to the legend of Ragnar Lothbrok. In it, a certain Ragnall (Rognvald) son of Alpdan (Halfdan), king of Norway, is mentioned, and his
exploits prior to the fall of York to the Danes are given, in a
context in which it is at least arguable that Ragnall and Ragnar
Lothbrok were the same person. There are two problem with this interpretation. First, Ragnar and Ragnall are not the same name, even though they look similar. Second, and more important, the Fragmentary Annals are themselves not a contemporary source, and there is good reason to be suspicious about them. However, even if we were to allow
that the events given there are historical (a concession which many historians would be unwilling to make), and then concede further that these events form the basis of the Ragnar legend, then we would still have that the person on whom the legend was based did not have the right name.
Could RAGNALL and LOTHBROK have been the same person?
We have already seen that the only historically attested Ragnar (Reginheri) cannot reasonably be regarded as a historical prototype for Ragnar Lothbrok. Thus, it appears that the best attempt to argue for a historical Ragnar Lothbrok is to propose (as has been done on numerous occasions) that Ragnall and Lothbrok were both the same person, and then assume that the similar (but different) names Ragnall
and Ragnar were accidently confused. Thus, let us see what assumptions are needed in order to assume that Ragnall and Lothbrok were the same person, assuming that they existed at all. In order for this to be the case, we must make the following assumptions:
(1) We must assume that Adam of Bremen (late eleventh century) was correct in giving "Lodparchus" (i.e., Lothbrok) as the name of the father of Ivar (late ninth century).
(2) We must assume that the "Coghad Gaedhel re Gallaibh" ("The War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill", ed. by Todd, London, 1867), a twelfth century Irish source, is correct in stating that Halfdan of Dublin (killed in Ireland in 877, according to the Annals of Ulster) was the son of a certain Ragnall, and that this Ragnall was the same as the Ragnall who appears in the Fragmentary Annals of Ireland.
(3) We must assume that the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is correct in stating that a brother (unnamed, but called Ubbe in later sources) of Halfdan and Ivar was killed in England in 878, despite the contradictory testimony of Aethelweard which gives a very different reading for the same event (see 4).
(4) We must assume that the chronicle of Aethelweard is wrong in stating that Halfdan brother of Ivar was killed in England in 878, for otherwise that would prove that Halfdan of Dublin (d. 877 in Ireland) was a different person from Halfdan brother of Ivar.
(5) In addition to assuming that Halfdan of Dublin was the same
person as Halfdan brother of Ivar, we must also assume that this Ivar was the same person as Adam of Bremen's Ivar, keeping in mind that Aethelweard's chronicle, if correct, would imply the existence of two Ivars in the British isles at this time.
(6) We must assume that the philological argument making Lothbrok(a) a feminine name is incorrect.
(7) If Ari, the earliest author to mention Ragnar Lothbrok, is to be considered a reliable source on this matter, then we must also assume that Halfdan of Dublin was the same person as the Halfdan brother of Sigifrid who appears in the Annals of Fulda for the year 873, despite the severe chronological problems which that would cause with Ari's genealogies.
Of the above assumptions, numbers (1) through (6) are crucial if one wishes to argue that Ragnall and Lothbrok were the same, and (7) is needed also if it is to be assumed that the information given by Ari is accurate. Given the noncontemporary nature of the first two items, along with the contradictions present some of the others, there is a very small chance that all six of the crucial assumptions are correct. However, if any one of the first six items is false, then the case for Ragnall being the same as Lothbrok collapses, and we must conclude that the "Ragnall Lothbrok" attempt for a historical Ragnar Lothbrok is unsatisfactory. [Note: See R. W. McTurk's article "Ragnarr Lothbrok in the Irish Annals?" (Proceedings of the Seventh Viking Congress, 1976, pp. 93-123), where a different, but much more rigid, list of the same type is given.]
CONCLUSIONS
Since all of the above attempts to find a historical Ragnar Lothbrok fail to satisfy the mentioned criteria, Lothbrok and Ragnall come from noncontemporary sources which are themselves open to suspicion, and the historical records show nobody else (as far as I know) who could be plausibly identified with Ragnar Lothbrok, it must be concluded that Ragnar Lothbrok is not historical according to the terms
described above. In fact, if there is any historical basis to Ragnar Lothbrok legend, it is quite likely that Ragnar Lothbrok is the result of combining two or more distinct individuals into a single character having the attributes of both, in much the same way as Ragnar Lothbrok's legendary "father" Sigurd Ring is in fact a composite of
two different men who fought against each other for the Danish throne in the year 814, Sigifridus ("Sigurd") and Anulo (of which "Ring" is a translation of Latin "Annulus"). However, such composite characters cannot be considered as historical, and there is no evidence which comes close to being contemporary which shows that either Lothbrok or Ragnall existed.
FURTHER READING
The most ambitious attempt to portray Ragnar Lothbrok as a historical figure is "Scandinavian Kings in the British Isles 850-880" by Alfred P. Smyth (Oxford University Press, 1977). For a very critical examination of Smyth's views, see "High-kings, Vikings and other kings", by Donnchadh O' Corrain, in Irish Historical Review, vol 21 (1979), pp. 283-323 (very highly recommended). Both of these sources cite numerous other relevant sources for those who are interested in
further details."

Note: Notes
Settipani's "La prehistoire des Capetiens".
Weis' "Ancestral Roots. . ." (50:16). Count of Senlis, Peronne, and St. Quentin, d.892.

From K.Werner's Die Nachkommen der Karl der Grosse, in volume IV, Karl der Grosee, ed W.Braunfels, 1965:
"He was living in Italy in until 834 when he went to France to the court of Louis the Pious. In 840 he was a count in the Paris area, perhaps when he was among those men faithful to the EMPEROR LOTHAR (RIN 1226) who tried to stop CHARLES THE BALD (RIN 1620) crossing the Seine."



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Note: Notes
Per Weis' "Ancestral Roots. . ." (182:3), Hnabi was count in the Linzgau in 709, 720, 724. Here Hnabi is made the son of Huoching.
Weis' "Ancestral Roots. . ." (182:2) calls Houching the brother of:
1.) Lentfroy, Duke of Alamannia, 726
2.) Thibaud, Duke of Alamannia, 727-744
3.) Oatillo, Count of Thurgau, [i.e. Odilo, but...]

Richard Borthwick posted to
GEN-MEDIEVAL@@@@rootsweb.com on 12 Apr 1998 (in part):
Subject: Re: Merovingian ancestry of Hildegarde?
. "Now to Hildegard. What is known for certain is that she was the daughter of count Gerold by his wife Imma sister of Ruadpert and daughter of Nebi/Hnabi. In Thegan's "Vita" of Louis the Pious Nebi is made a son of Huoching son of Gotfrid. Behr accepts this as probable but not certain. There is some difficulty (noted by Eckhardt [7] p.62-64) with the name 'Huoching'. Strictly speaking, so goes his argument, 'Huoching'
is not a personal name but a clan name like 'Agilolfing'. The personal name would be 'Hoc/Huoch'. Thegan or his source misread/misheard the original source and the line should have been reported thus: duke Gotfrid begat Nebi/Hnabi, Nebi Huoching begat Imma. On this account 'Huoching' properly refers to the clan name of the Alemannic ducal family. Thus
according to Eckhardt Gotfrid would be g-grandfather of Hildegard instead of her g-g-grandfather.
. ES [8] XII:24 gives the certain information on Hildegard and relies heavily on Borgolte [9]. The latter points out (p.185) that The Nebi in question had interests in the middle Rhine region not in Alemannia (Swabia) and Borgolte follows T Mayer in rejecting a connection with the Alemannic ducal family, or at least considers it not proven. There was a Nebi who may have been connected with the ducal family and whose interests lay in Alemannia. Thegan's genealogy of Hildegard most likely confused the two.
. [7] K A Eckhardt *Merowingerblut I: Die Karolinger und ihre Frauen* (Witzenhausen, 1965)
. [8] "ES": D Schwennicke (ed) *Europaeische Stammtafeln: Stammtafen zur Geschichte der Europaeishen Staaten - Neue Folge* Band XII (Marburg, 1992)
. [9] M Borgolte *Die Grafen Alemanniens in merowingischer und karolingischer Zeit: Eine Prosopographie* (Sigmaringen, 1986)
. [10] K F Werner 'Important noble families in the kingdom of
Charlemagne - a prosopographical study of the relationship between king and nobility in the early middle ages' in T Reuter (ed) *The Medieval Nobility* (Amsterdam/New York/Oxford, 1978, 137-202. Translated from the German by T Reuter."

Note: Notes
We know that Childeric expanded the power and influence of the Salian Franks, but, to what extent, we do not know. Scholars disagree on just how much he had consolidated his power before he died and passed the kingdom on to his son, CLOVIS.

Note: Notes
He is named among the combatants who faught in the Roman imperial army at Mauriac, which stopped the progress of Attila the Hun in Gaul.
"Colonial & Revolutionary Lineages in America" lists him as the son of Chlodion. "The "Dictionary of Royal Lineage" agrees. Other sources claim that his parentage is unknown. Edward James in his book "The Franks" mentions that the ancient historian, Gregory of Tours wrote that "some people say" that Merovech was a descendant of Chlodion.

Couldnt help but include this humorous note:
ic posted to soc.genealogy.medieval on 28 Nov 1996:
Subject: Re: The Merovingian are among us !!!
"Gregory of Tours says (Bk II, 9) "Some say that Meroveus father of Childeric descends from Clodio". There is an expression of doubt here implied by Gregory. Most genealogists however have ignored this and made Clodio father of Meroveus. Isn't there a more interesting account in the much later Liber Hist. Francorum (or is it Fredegar?), which says Meroveus was conceived after his mum went swimming in the Channel and encountered a sea serpent?

Note: Notes
From the _Liber Historiae Francorum_ i.5, trans. Bernard S. Bachrach:
. "After King Faramund died they raised up into his father's kingdom Chlodio his long-haired son. At this time they began to have long-haired kings. Wisely, they came to the borders of Thuringia and settled there. Therefore, King Chlodio lived in the stronghold at Disbargo on the borders of the Thuringian region of Germany.... King Chlodio, however, sent spies from his Thuringian stronghold at Disbargo to the city of Cambrai. Thus he croseed the Rhine with a large army; he killed and chased away many Romans. Then he entered the Charbonniere forest, took the city of Tournai, and came up to the city of Cambrai where he remained for a short time. The Romans whom he found there he killed. After that he occupied the land up to the Somme river. After Chlodio died, Merovech who was from his family took over his kingdom."

Note: Notes
Virtually no particulars are known of the ealiest generations of Franks.
A good introduction to the Merovingian Franks is found in Gene Gurney's, "Kindoms of Europe", on pages 52-54 :
"That race of people which had been driving the Celts westward for six or seven hundred years was finally making its way into Gaul. They had been held back only by Roman Skill. This race as a general name was called Teutonic, but it divided into many different nations. The people were large-limbed, blue-eyed, and light-haired. They all spoke a language like rough German, and all had the same religion, beleiving in the great warlike gods, Odin, Thor, and Frey.They worshiped them at stone altars, and expected to live with them in the hall of heroes after death - that is, all so-called who were brave and who were chosen by the
'Valkyr', or 'slaughter-choosing godess', to die nobly in battle. Cowards were sent to dwell with Hela, the pale, gloomy godess of death.
They had lived for at least five hundred years in the center of Europe , now and then attacking their neighbors, when they were harassad by another, fiercer race, who was pushing them from the east. The chief tribes were the Goths, who conquered Rome and settled in Spain; the Longbeards, or Lombards, who spread over the north of Italy; the Burgundians (burg or town people), who held all the country around the Alps; the Swabians and Germans, who stayed in the middle of Europe; the Saxons, who dwelt around the south of the Baltic, and finally conquered
south Britain; the Northmen, who found a home in Scandanavia; and the Franks, who had been long settled on the Rivers Sale, Meuse, and Rhine.
There were two tribes of Franks - the Salian, from the River Sale, and the Ripuarian. They were great horsemen and dreadful pillagers, and the Salians had a family of kings, which, like the kings of all the other tribes, were supposed to have been descended from Odin. The king was always of this family, called Meerwings, after Meerwing - or Merovech - the son of Pharamond, one of the first chiefs." The anglicised name for the Meerwing would be "Merovingian".

Matman posted to soc.genealogy.medieval on 28 May 1997:
Subject: Re: PHARAMOND
"Faramund is not mentioned by Roman historians of the 4-5th centuries or Gregory of Tours (c.570/90), hence most modern historians omit any reference to him as a historical person. The reason why he turns up in so many genealogies etc, is that the 8th century _Liber Historiae Francorum_ (ch.5) says that Faramund was the son of Sunno and father of Chlodio.
Now Sunno is known from the earlier sources: GT II, 9 quotes (?) a Roman source which says he was one of the chieftains who invaded Gaul and were defeated by the Romans (c.389 AD), and elsewhere, GT reports the tradition that Meroveus was the son of Chlodio.
Historians have tended to regard Faramund as an invention to bridge the gap between Sunno and Clodio, and so establish a dubious dynastic continuity."

Luke Stevens comments:
Actually, the _Liber Historiae Francorum_ makes Faramund the son of Marcomir (Sunno being mentioned as king, but not in the genealogy), in turn the son of Priam of Troy, in a display of gross confusion. In the king lists Faramund is almost always reckoned as the first king of the Franks. All the sources mentioning Faramund are somewhat late, so we cannot be certain whether he was even real.
Faramund's ancestry is sometimes traced back to Sicambrian kings of the fifth century BC, or even further, but this is based entirely on a forged chronicle composed by Johannes Trithemius in the 16th century.

Note: Notes (per Stevens, http://www.gendex.com/users/jast/D0041/G0000004.html#I8981)
Athanagild and Leovigild were brothers of unknown ancestry, who acceded to the throne of the Visgothic kingdom by election. Some late medieval genealogies show them as sons of AMALARIC (RIN 2465*), but that is probably wrong.

Francisco Antonio Doria posted to soc.genealogy.medieval on 1 Apr 1999 (in part):
Subject: Re: Visighotic chiefs
. "I was once interested in this matter because there are a few
Brazilian families who trace (according to Portuguese lineage books) to the late Visigothic kings. So I wrote to H. Wolfram, and he answered me back - very kindly, in Spanish; Portuguese and Spanish are very close and mutually understandable - as follows:
. 1) Both the Amali (Amelunge), Theodoric's family, and the Balthi (the first Visigothic king's family) seem to be fully extinguished, or at least of untraceable descendants.
. 2) Leowegild was most certainly a `new man' (homo nouus) and his name is unrelated to those of earlier Balthi or Amali.
. So I think that it stops at him. It is far enough.

Note: In 1191 he was made custos of Winsor Castle. In 1194 he was appointed as one of the receivers of the money raised for the ransom of King Richard.
--http://www.gendex.com/users/jast/D0008/G0000015.html#I925

Note: UTZ@@@@aol.com [Dave Utzinger] posted to
GEN-MEDIEVAL-L@@@@rootsweb.com on 10 Jan 1999
Subject: HENRY II, COUNT OF EU--PART 2"
. "Surnamed "William with the strong hand," from the following circumstance, as related by William Dugdale: "It happened that the Queen of France [ADELAIDE OF SAVOY (RIN 1532)], being then a widow, and a very beautiful woman, became much in love with a knight from another
country, who was a homely person, and in the flower of his youth; and because she thought that no man excelled him in valor, she caused a tournament to be proclaimed throughout her dominions, promising to reward those who should exercise themselves therein, according to their
respective abilities; and concluded that if the person whom she so well affected should act his part better than others in those military exercises, she might marry him without any dishonor to herself.
Whereupon divers gallant men, from foreign parts hasting to Paris, amongst others came this our William de Albini, ravely accoutered, and in the tournament excelled all others, overcoming many, and wounding one mortally with his lance, which being observed by the queen, she
became exceedingly enamored of him, and forthwith invited him to a costly banquet, and afterwards bestowing certain jewels upon him, offered him marriage; but, having plighted his troth to the Queen of England, a widow, he refused her, whereat she grew so discontented that
she consulted with her maids how she might take away his life; and in pursuance of that design, inticed him into a garden - which she descended by divers steps, under color of showing him the beast; and when she told him of its fierceness, he answered, that it was a womanish and not a manly quality to be afraid thereof. But having him
there, by the advantage of a folding door, thrust him to the lion; being therefore in this danger, he rolled his mantle about his arm, and putting his hand into the mouth of the beast, pulled out his tongue by the root; which done, he followed the queen to her palace, and gave it to one of her
maids to present her. Returning thereupon to England, with the fame of this glorious exploit, he was forthwith advanced to the Earldom of Arundel, and for his arms the Lion given him."
He subsequently married Adeliza of Lorraine, Queen of England, widow of King Henry I., and the daughter of Godfrey, Duke of Lorraine. Adeliza had the castle of Arundel in dowry from her deceased husband, the monarch, and thus her new lord became its feudal earl, 1st Earl of Arundel in this family. The earl was one of those who solicited the Empress Maud to come to England, and
received her and her brother Robert, Earl of Gloucester, at the port of Arundel, in August 1139, and in three years afterwards (1142), in the report made of King Stephen's taking William de Mandeville at St. Albans, it is stated "that before he could be laid hold on, he underwent a sharp
skirmish with the king's party, wherein the Earl of Arundel, though a stout and expert soldier, was unhorsed in the midst of the water by Walceline de Oxeai, and almost drowned."
In 1150, he wrote himself Earl of Chichester, but we find him styled again Earl of Arundel, upon a very
memorable occasion, namely, the reconciliation of Henry, Duke of Normandy, afterwards King Henry II (RIN 761)., and King Stephen at the siege of Wallingford Castle in 1152. "It was scarce possible," says Rapin, "for the armies to part without fighting. Accordingly the two leaders were preparing for battle with equal ardor, when, by the prudent
advice of the Earl of Arundel, who was on the king's side, they were prevented from coming to blows." A truce and peace followed this interference of the earl's, which led to the subsequent accession of Henry after Stephen's decease, in whose favor the earl stood so high that
he not only obtained for himself and his heirs the castle and honor of Arundel, but a confirmation of the Earldom of Sussex, of which county he was really earl, by a grant of the Tertium Denarium of the pleas of the shire.
In 1164, we find the Earl of Arundel deputed with Gilbert Foliot, Bishop of London, to remonstrate with Louis VII, King of France (RIN 1530), upon according an asylum to Thomas a Becket within his dominions, and on the failure of that mission, dispatched with the archbishop of York, the Bishops of Winchester, London, Chichester, and Exeter, Wido Rufus, Richard de Invecestre, John de Oxford (priests), Hugh de Gundevile, Bernard de St. Valery, and Henry Fitzgerald, to lay the whole affair of Becket at the foot of the pontifical throne. Upon levying the aid for the marriage of the king's daughter, in the 12th year of Henry
II., the knight's fees of the honor of Arundel were certified to be ninety-seven, and those in Norfolk, belonging to the earl, forty-two.
In 1173, we find the Earl of Arundel commanding, in conjunction with William, Earl of Mandeville, the king's army in Normandy, and compelling the French monarch to abandon Verneuil after a long siege, and in the next year, with Richard de Lucy, Justice of England, defeating Robert,
Earl of Leicester (RIN 861), then in rebellion at St. Edmundbury. This potent nobleman, after founding and endowing several religious houses, died at Waverley, in Surrey, on October 3, 1176, and was buried in the Abbey of Wymondham.Buried in Wymondham Priory, NOR, ENG; Earl of Arundel, Earl of Lincoln. With his marriage to Adela, widow of Henry I, acquired Arundel Castle as part of her dowry. His possession of the castle and honor of Arundel was confirmed by Henry II in 1154."
--http://www.gendex.com/users/jast/D0020/G0000083.html#I930

Note: The source says *Niel Saveur III as the father, but if indeed the house of St. Saveur is the parentage then the dates would indicate *Niel II Saveur (as other sources indicate). This information is not strongly corroborated.

Note: Source is "Plantagenet Ancestry" by Turton. He possessed half the Isles of Manche, according to http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~pmcbride/rfc/gw70.htm#I5828

Note: Notes
Stuart's "Royalty For Commoners" (295:34).
According to the "Dictionary of National Biography", in the article on Hugh of Avaranches, Earl of Chester, Thurstan (Toustein) was unfaithful to DUKE WILLIAM [of Normandy (RIN 798)] in 1040 and helped HENRY, KING OF FRANCE (RIN 1198) in his invasion of Normandy. His son RICHARD remained loyal and made his father's peace with THE DUKE.

Note: The "Dictionary of National Biography" refers to him as "a Dane".

Note: Notes
Weis' "Ancestral Roots. . ." (132A:24). Vicompte of the Bessin; fought at the Battle of VAl-es-Dunes, 1047.
Also some times referred to as Count of Bayeux.

Note: Notes
Weis' "Ancestral Roots. . ." (128:21), (132A:23).
He was killed by his brother, ROBERT, who took his place as Duke of Normandy.

Note: Notes
Stuart's "Royalty For Commoners (360:36). Sister of Seinfroi, Bishop of Mans.

Note: Notes
Denoyelle-Lelong's "Les origines franco-saxonnes des Capetiens".
Stuart's "Royalty For Commoners" (236:47) shows this person as identical with ANSBERTUS (RIN 3668), but probably erroneously.

Note: Notes
Weis' "Ancestral Roots . . ." (143:16), (148:16).
"LOUIS THE STAMMERER (846-879) m. 1. Ansgard 2. Adelheid"
--- Rosamond McKitterick, *The Frankish Kingdoms under the
Carolingians, 751-987*, London & NY (Longman), 1983, p 354-5

. . . "Charles the Bald's son Louis II the Stammerer was a mediocre sovereign known only for having received Pope John VIII in France, where he held a council at Troyes. Louis II died after a two-year reign, leaving two sons, Louis III and Carloman, from a first marriage, and from a second a posthumous son who was to become Charles III the Simple."
--- Duc de Castries, *The Lives of the Kings & Queens of France*, translated from the French by Anne Dobell, New York (Knopf) 1979, p 47

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Individual)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Education: Place: Went to Newtown Elementart School kindergarten through 1st grade and then Bible Baptist Christian School through 6th grade, and then homeschooled through highschool, then Northern Kentucky University for 1 year of English.

Graduation: Date: NOV 1992
Place: TCHSN

Event: Type: Dedication
Place: Tea Creek Baptist Church Bart Smith, gran dfathers had special prayer of blessing and greatgrandparents Clark and Anita Ford were in attendance.

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Individual)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Event: Type: Dedication
Date: 29 AUG 1999
Place: Tea Creek Baptist Church Bart Smith, grandfathers had special prayer of blessing and gra

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Individual)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Graduation: Date: MAY 1991
Place: Home schooled

Education: Place: Went to Bible Babrtist Christian School kindergarten through 4th grade then homeschooled

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001

Source: (Name)
Title: Hahn-Powell-Ford.FTW
Media: Other

Data:
Text: Date of Import: Feb 23, 2001